1 History of Google
- Financing and initial public services
- Development
- Acquisitions and Partnerships
2 Products and Services
- Advertisement
- Search Engines
- Productivity Tools
- Enterprise Products
3 Corporate Affairs and Culture
- Employees
- Googolplex
- Easter eggs and April Fools’ Day jokes
- Philanthropy
- Network neutrality
- Privacy
Google (English: Google) is an American multinational technology company with investments in Internet search, cloud computing, and advertising systems. It creates and develops a number of Internet-based services and productsand earns its profits primarily from its advertising program AdWords.Google, along with Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft It is considered one of the Big Five.
The company was founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, two PhD students from Stanford University. They are often referred to as “Google Guys”. On September 4, 1998, it was incorporated into a privately-held company. Its first public work/service started on 19 August 2004. On this day, Larry Page, Sergey Brin and Eric Schmidt agreed to work together at Google for the next twenty years (2024). The company’s stated mission since its inception has been to “organize the world’s knowledge and make it universally available and beneficial”. The company’s unofficial slogan, coined by Google engineer Paul Buchheit, is “Don’t be evil”. Since 2006, the company has been headquartered in Mountain View, California.
Google operates more than one million servers from its data centers around the world and processes more than one billion search requests and twenty-four petabytes of consumer-related information (data). Google’s development has been rapid since its incorporation, due to which, in addition to the company’s core service web-search-engine, Google has produced, acquired and partnered with many new products. The company provides online productivity software, such as the Gmail email service, and social network tools, Orkut and, more recently, Google Buzz. Google also produces desktop computer software, such as the web browser Google Chrome, the photo organization and editing software Picasa, and the instant messaging application Google Talk. Android, notably the operating system put into phones such as the Nexus One and Motorola Android by Google, as well as Chrome OS, which is currently under heavy development, is best known as the main operating system for the CR-48, which Google is a leader in the development of Alexa ranks google.com as the most visited website on the Internet. Apart from this, other websites of Google (google.co.in, google.co.uk, etc.) come in the top 100 websites. This is the situation of Google’s site YouTube and Blogger. According to Brandzy, Google is the most powerful (famous) brand in the world. Due to Google’s dominance of the market, Google has been criticized for a number of issues, including privacy, copyright, and sarcasm. The CEO of Google is Sundar Pichai, an American citizen of Indian origin. Google CEO Sundar Pichai earns Rs 3.5 crore per day.
Google History
Google was started in 1996 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin during a research project. At the time, Larry and Sergi were PhD students at Stanford University, California. At the time, traditional search engines prioritized results by counting search-terms on a web page, while Larry and Sergey argued that a good search system would be one that analyzed the correlation of web pages. He named this new technique as PageRank. In this technique, the relevance/worthiness of a website is estimated based on the number of webpages, and the reputation of the pages that link to the originating website.
In 1996, Robin Lee of IDD Information Services created a small search engine called “Rankine”, which worked on the same technology. Lee got the technology of Rankine patented and later on this technology he established a company called Baidu in China. Page and Brin initially named their search engine “Back rub”, because the search engine ranked a site based on back links.
Eventually, Page and Brin named their search engine Google. Google is a misspelling of the English word googol, which means a number that has one followed by one hundred zeros. The name “Google” reflects that the company’s search engine is working to make a large amount of information available to the public. In its early days, Google operated under the domain name google.stanford.edu under the website of Stanford University. His domain name was registered for Google on 15 September 1997. On September 4, 1998, it was incorporated into a privately-held company. The company’s first office was established in the garage of Susan Wojcicki (his friend) in Menlo Park, California. Craig Silverstein and a fellow PhD student became the company’s first employees.
Financing and Initial Public Services
Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, gave Google a million dollar financial aid in August 1998, even before Google was incorporated. In early 1999, when they were graduate students, Brin and Page felt that they were spending too much time on the search engine and not paying attention to their studies, so they decided to sell it and Excite CEO George Offered to sell Bell for one million, he declined the offer and later criticized Vinod Khosla for his decision. While Khosla had also talked to Brin and Page about buying the company for $750,000. Khosla was then a venture capitalist at Excite. On June 7, 1999, an investment of $25 million was announced in the company, with major investors including venture capital firm Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers and Sequoia Capital.
Google’s Initial Public Offering (IPO) started five years later on 19 August 2004. The company kept the price of its 1,96,05,052 shares at $ 85 per share. A unique online auction format was used to sell the shares. For this, a system created by Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse, which was the underwriter of the auction, was used. Sales of $1.67 billion brought Google a market capitalization of over $23 billion. The vast majority of the 2,710 million shares remained under Google’s control, and many Google employees soon became paper millionaires. Yahoo! (Yahoo!), Google’s rival, also benefited greatly, because at the time Yahoo! owned 8.4 million shares of Google.
Development
In March 1999, the company moved its offices to Palo Alto, California, which is home to many other large Silicon Valley companies. A year later, despite Page and Brin’s initial reluctance, Google began selling ads tied to keywords. To keep the search page clean and speedy, the ads were text based only. The keyword was sold based on a combination of its bid and clicks. The minimum bid for this was five cents per click. This model of selling ads with keywords was first pioneered by Goto.com—a spin-off of Bill Gross of IdeaLab. The company renamed itself Overture Services and sued Google for allegedly infringing on its pay-per-click and bid patents. Overture Services was later purchased by Yahoo and renamed Yahoo! Search marketing was placed. The issue of infringement of patents was settled amicably. To this end, Google sold some of its common stock to Yahoo! and in return got the perpetual license of the patents in his name.
acquisitions and partnerships Main article: List of acquisitions by Google
Since 2001, Google acquired a number of companies, focusing mainly on small venture capital firms. In 2004 Google licensed Keyhole, Nig. At that time Keyhole developed a software called Earth Viewer which displayed a three-dimensional view of the Earth. In 2005, Google named it Google Earth. In 2007, Google bought the online video site YouTube for $1.65 billion. On April 13, 2007, Google acquired a company called DoubleClick for $3.1 billion. The acquisition gave Google the invaluable benefit of DoubleClick as well as its good relationships with web publishers and advertising agencies. Later that year, Google bought GrandCentral for $50 million. It was later named Google Voice. On August 5, 2009, Google acquired video software maker On2 Technologies, its first public company, for $106.5 million. Google acquired Aardvark, a social network search engine, for $50 million. Google commented in its internal blog, “We’re open to collaboration, so we’ll see how far we can take it”. And in April 2010, Google announced the acquisition of Agnilux, a small hardware venture.
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Ninety-nine percent of Google’s revenue comes from its advertising programs. In the 2006 fiscal year, the company reported earning a total of $10.492 billion from advertising and only $112 million from licensing and other sources. Google has implemented many of its innovative products in the online advertising market, which is why Google is among the top brokers in the market. Google uses the DoubleClick Company’s technology to target the user’s interests and deliver advertisements that are relevant to itself and the user. Google Analytics (Google Analytics) provides website owners with information about people’s use of their website. For example, to measure the click rate of all links on a page. Google ads can be placed on third party websites in a two-part program. Google AdWords allows advertisers to display ads on Google’s network through credit-per-click or credit-per-view schemes. A similar service, Google Ad sense, allows website owners to display ads on their websites and earn money per ad click.
Search Engine
Google Search, a web search engine, is the company’s most popular service. According to research published by comScore in November 2009, Google is the dominant search engine in the United States market, with a market share of 65.6%. Google indexes billions of web pages so that users can search for the right information through the use of keywords and operators. Despite its popularity, Google Search has received criticism from several organizations. In 2003, The New York Times complained about Google indexing, citing Google’s caching of its site’s content as an infringement of their copyrights applicable to that content. In this case, the United States District Court of Nevada ruled Field v. Google and Parker v. Google in favor of Google. In addition, the publication The Hacker Quarterly has compiled a list of words that the giant’s new quick search feature will not search for. Google Watch criticized the Google PageRank algorithm, saying it discriminated against new websites and favored established sites, and alleged links between Google and the NSA and CIA. Despite criticism, the basic search engine has spread to include specialized services, such as the image search engine, the Google news search site, Google Maps, and others. In early 2006, the company launched Google Video, which users can use to upload, search, and watch videos on the Internet. In 2009, however, Google discontinued the upload service to Google Video in order to focus on the search service aspect. Even Google developed Google Desktop to search for files on the user’s computer. The most recent activity in Google search has been a partnership with the United States Patent and Trademark Office to make patent and trademark information available for free.
